Starting today, you can change the visibility of your Gists whenever you want. When editing a Gist you'll now notice a new option to toggle the visibility between Public and Secret.
Turning a public gist into a secret one doesn't change the URL, which means anybody with the old public URL can still access it. We may consider improving this in the future, but for now, you will have to delete the public gist, and create a new secret one with the same content.
I upload a Gist code and set it to be secret.
Now I want to change the gist to public, but I can't find how to set it publi
Since May, 9th 2014, it is possible: "Change the visibility of your Gists"
You can change the visibility of your Gists whenever you want.
When editing a Gist you'll now notice a new option to toggle the visibility between Public and Secret.
The URL for your Gist will never change, just its visibility.
As commented by GiDo though, since 2016:
you can only make public a gist that was previously private.
When it is public it will stay public.
Correction; this information is outdated. See VonC's answer from May 9, 2014.
Original answer:
No, you'll have to create a new public gist and copy/paste the contents.
If you want to preserve all of the history of the original secret gist, Chris Dzombak has written an article walking you through how to clone a gist, step-by-step, to preserve its change history.
Update:
You can still convert a secret gist to a public gist by first selecting "Edit" -> "Make Public". This feature has been partially rolled back, however, since 12/15/16 and you will no longer be able to switch it back to secret.
From the docs:
After creating a gist, you cannot convert it from public to secret.
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