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Please someone explain to me by example what is a virtual directory and why do we need it?
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For example, you might use a virtual directory when you want your application to include images from another location in the file system, but you do not want to move the image files into the physical directory that is mapped to the application's root virtual directory. By default, IIS uses configuration from Web.
Virtual directory is a mapping between the actual web application files and IIS. That is we map the website files to the IIS in Virtual Directory. If you see in IIS, it looks like a directory but it actually points the exact web application path.
What Is Linux Virtual Directory System? A Virtual Directory System is a way of organizing files and directories in a computer operating system. The reason why it's called “virtual” is that there's no actual physical component – on Window, you have your “C:” drive, “D:” drive, and so on.
An FTP virtual directory is quite handy when you need to provide an FTP user access to files which are not in their FTP root folder. If you've ever created one, then you know the FTP user is usually not able to physically “see” the virtual directory when they login.
A virtual directory is a friendly name, or alias, either for a physical directory on your server hard drive that does not reside in the home directory.
Because an alias is usually shorter than the path of the physical directory, it is more convenient for users to type.
Taken from here
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In essence, in IIS, it's like a shortcut to another directory on your computer while seeming like it is a subdirectory of the current directory.
I.E.
www.example.com/bob/phil
bob may be a subdirectory of the root, while phil is a directory elsewhere on the computer, not necessarily in bob
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