What does %~dp0 mean, and how does it work?

Question

I find %~dp0 very useful, and I use it a lot to make my batch files more portable.

But the label itself seems very cryptic to me... What is the ~ doing? Does dp mean drive and path? Does the 0 refer to %0, the path to the batch file that includes the file name?

Or it is just a weird label?

I'd also like to know if it is a documented feature, or something prone to be deprecated.

Answer 1

Calling

for /? 

in the command-line gives help about this syntax (which can be used outside FOR, too, this is just the place where help can be found).

In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced. You can now use the following optional syntax:

%~I         - expands %I removing any surrounding quotes (") %~fI        - expands %I to a fully qualified path name %~dI        - expands %I to a drive letter only %~pI        - expands %I to a path only %~nI        - expands %I to a file name only %~xI        - expands %I to a file extension only %~sI        - expanded path contains short names only %~aI        - expands %I to file attributes of file %~tI        - expands %I to date/time of file %~zI        - expands %I to size of file %~$PATH:I   - searches the directories listed in the PATH                environment variable and expands %I to the                fully qualified name of the first one found.                If the environment variable name is not                defined or the file is not found by the                search, then this modifier expands to the                empty string 

The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:

%~dpI       - expands %I to a drive letter and path only %~nxI       - expands %I to a file name and extension only %~fsI       - expands %I to a full path name with short names only %~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH                environment variable for %I and expands to the                drive letter and path of the first one found. %~ftzaI     - expands %I to a DIR like output line 

In the above examples %I and PATH can be replaced by other valid values. The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name. Picking upper case variable names like %I makes it more readable and avoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive.

There are different letters you can use like f for "full path name", d for drive letter, p for path, and they can be combined. %~ is the beginning for each of those sequences and a number I denotes it works on the parameter %I (where %0 is the complete name of the batch file, just like you assumed).