Self Document This Top Window

Question

Let's say I have some random code like below:

<script>

    this.fn = (function() {
        var element = document.createElement("div");
        element.innerHTML = Object.keys(self) + 
            "<br />" + Object.keys(window) +
            "<br />" + Object.keys(top);    

        self["document"].body.appendChild(element);
        return arguments.callee;
    })();

</script>

Not only having to do with the above code, what's the difference between:
Self, Document, This, Top, Window?

What's a best use case for each?

Answer 1

self & window : They both reference the current window (or frame) where the script is located and running. See here for details and examples.

document : References the DOM container, giving you access to the headers and the body contents. See here for details and examples.

this : References the JavaScript object under which the code is executed. JavaScript code and functions written directly inside <script> tags have this refer to window. If an object's function needs to call a method in the same object, use this.method_name();.

top : References the top-most window object in a frame hierarchy. If you use frames and want to manipulate the whole frameset window from inside a sub-frame, use top, e.g. top.close(); to close the current window containing all the frames.