Pandas - Groupby and aggregate over multiple columns

Question

I am trying to aggregate values in a groupby over multiple columns. I come from the R/dplyr world and what I want is usually achievable in a single line using group_by/summarize. I am trying to find an equivalently elegant way of achieving this using pandas.

Consider the below Input Dataset. I would like to aggregate by state and calculate the column v1 as v1 = sum(n1)/sum(d1) by state.

The r-code for this using dplyr is as follows:

input %>% group_by(state) %>% 
  summarise(v1=sum(n1)/sum(d1),
            v2=sum(n2)/sum(d2))

Is there an elegant way of doing this in Python? I found a slightly verbose way of getting what I want in on a stack overflow answer here. Copying over modified python-code from the link

In [14]: s = mn.groupby('state', as_index=False).sum()

In [15]: s['v1'] = s['n1'] / s['d1']

In [16]: s['v2'] = s['n2'] / s['d2']
In [17]: s[['state', 'v1', 'v2']]

INPUT DATASET

state n1    n2     d1  d2
CA   100   1000    1   2
FL   200   2000    2   4
CA   300   3000    3   6
AL   400   4000    4   8
FL   500   5000    5   2
NY   600   6000    6   4
CA   700   7000    7   6

OUTPUT

state   v1           v2
AL      100   500.000000
CA      100   500.000000
NY      100  1500.000000
CA      100  1166.666667
FL      100  1166.666667

Answer 1

One possible solution with DataFrame.assign and DataFrame.reindex:

df = (mn.groupby('state', as_index=False)
        .sum()
        .assign(v1 = lambda x: x['n1'] / x['d1'], v2 = lambda x: x['n2'] / x['d2'])
        .reindex(['state', 'v1', 'v2'], axis=1))

print (df)
  state     v1           v2
0    AL  100.0   500.000000
1    CA  100.0   785.714286
2    FL  100.0  1166.666667
3    NY  100.0  1500.000000

And another with GroupBy.apply and custom lambda function:

df = (mn.groupby('state')
        .apply(lambda x: x[['n1','n2']].sum() / x[['d1','d2']].sum().values)
        .reset_index()  
        .rename(columns={'n1':'v1', 'n2':'v2'})
      )
print (df)
  state     v1           v2
0    AL  100.0   500.000000
1    CA  100.0   785.714286
2    FL  100.0  1166.666667
3    NY  100.0  1500.000000

Answer 2

Another solution:

def func(x):
    u = x.sum()
    return pd.Series({'v1':u['n1']/u['d1'],
                      'v2':u['n2']/u['d2']})

df.groupby('state').apply(func)

Output:

         v1     v2
state       
AL      100.0   500.000000
CA      100.0   785.714286
FL      100.0   1166.666667
NY      100.0   1500.000000