When I add settings to settings.xml in this way...
  <profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>outsorced-project-properties</id>
        <properties>
            <key.password>mysecretpassword</key.password>
        </properties>
    </profile>
  </profiles>
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>outsorced-project-properties</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
..then I can use ${key.password} with my project's pom.xml. This works but seems to be a little bit inconvenient.
In MavenPropertiesGuide thers is an information that you can use settings from settings.xml via settings. prefix.
Local user settings
Similarly, values in the user's settings.xml can be referenced using property names with settings. prefix.
${settings.localRepository} refers to the path of the user's local repository
But this doesn't seem to work for me. At least I don't know how to define them within settings.xml. I tried to define them just within settings tag of settings.xml, or within a properties tag within the settings tags and so on, but the properties were never recognized. Did I understand anything wrong?
I don't think you can differentiate between the properties based on where they are defined. (i.e ${settings.key.password} or ${settings.properties.key.password} won't give you your password)
but if you are after the settings prefix, you can add the below to your settings file
<properties>
  <settings.password>mypassword</settings.password>
</properties>
and then refer it as ${settings.password} in your pom files.
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