I cannot figure out how to plot a vector field with only 1 variable. Maybe Mathematica doesn't support this. For example:
r(t) = cost j + sint i
same as
<cost, sint>
This doesn't work:
VectorPlot[{cos t, sin t}, {t, 0, 2 Pi}]
As a bonus how to take the derivative of a vector?
An easy workaround would be to use a 2D-VectorPlot with a dummy variable like this:
VectorPlot[
{Cos[t], Sin[t]}, {t, 0, 2 \[Pi]}, {s, -1/2, 1/2},
AspectRatio -> Automatic,
VectorPoints -> {15, 3},
FrameLabel -> {"t", None}
]

Or what probably makes more sense is to discretize the curve that you get when you follow the vector while increasing t. This is e.g. useful for Feynman-style Action-integrals in quantum mechanics.
Module[
{t, dt = 0.1, vectors, startpoints, startpoint, vector, spv, spvs},
vectors = Table[dt {Cos[t], Sin[t]}, {t, 0, 2 \[Pi], dt}];
startpoints = Accumulate[vectors];
spvs = Transpose[{startpoints, vectors}];
Graphics[Table[Arrow[{spv[[1]], spv[[1]] + spv[[2]]}], {spv, spvs}]]
]

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