Under what circumstances (if any) would the signal SIGSTKFLT be synchronously raised by the kernel under Linux 3.0 on x86_64 ?
According to man 7 signal:
 Signal       Value     Action   Comment
SIGSTKFLT    -,16,-     Term    Stack fault on coprocessor (unused)
Since the x86 coprocessor stack cannot fault (I'm pretty sure), I don't think it can be signaled implicitly.  Only explicit generation (by kill() or raise()) could cause it.
I grep'd the kernel source.  It does not use it, but there are about 50 instances (per CPU architecture) of 
#define SIGSTKFLT   16
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