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jpackage executable fails to run

Tags:

java

maven

javafx

jpackage

I am trying to package the default HelloApplication (full app) that intellij community edition creates for a javafx application. The HelloApplication does not contain much dependencies besides JavaFX, but the intention is to package a bigger app with more dependencies. The aim is to create an independent executable that contains all required dependencies such that the executable can be installed even if the client does not have java, javafx, etc. already installed

Below are the information I provide in this question:

  1. Part of the pom.xml containing definition for the shaded plugin
  2. Execution of the shaded jar
  3. Content of the shaded jar
  4. Generation of rpm using jpackage
  5. Error when installating app from rpm
  6. Content of the generated rpm

1. Part of the pom.xml containing definition for the shaded plugin

For this, from what I read, I am first creating a shaded jar then using jpackage to create an independent executable. The definition for the shaded plugin in the pom.xml(full pom.xml) is:

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.4</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <shadedArtifactAttached>true</shadedArtifactAttached>
                <transformers>
                    <transformer
                            implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                        <mainClass>com.intelidia.simplejavafxapp.simplejavafxapp.HelloApplication</mainClass>
                    </transformer>
                </transformers>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

2. Execution of the shaded jar The jar runs perfectly with this command: java --module-path /home/noor/Documents/Apps/javafx-sdk-22.0.1/lib --add-modules javafx.controls,javafx.fxml -jar SimpleJavaFXApp-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar

3. Content of the shaded jar Output of jar tf SimpleJavaFXApp-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar can be found here. Sorry for not providing it here, if I do so, the limit of characters allowed exceed.

4. Generation of rpm using jpackage

jpackage is generating an rpm with the command:

jpackage --name SimpleJavaFXApp --input ./target --main-jar ./target/SimpleJavaFXApp-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar --main-class com.intelidia.simplejavafxapp.simplejavafxapp.HelloApplication --module-path /home/noor/Documents/Apps/javafx-sdk-22.0.1/lib --add-modules javafx.controls,javafx.fxml

5. Error when installating app from rpm jpackage is generating an rpm with the command:

Running the installed application generates the following error:

Graphics Device initialization failed for :  es2, sw
Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer.getInstance(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.init(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.init(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.run(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: No toolkit found
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(Unknown Source)
        at [email protected]/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(Unknown Source)
        ... 3 more

6. Content of the generated rpm shown below:

/opt/simplejavafxapp
/opt/simplejavafxapp/bin
/opt/simplejavafxapp/bin/SimpleJavaFXApp
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/SimpleJavaFXApp.png
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/SimpleJavaFXApp-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/SimpleJavaFXApp-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/SimpleJavaFXApp.cfg
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/classes
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/classes/com
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/classes/com/intelidia
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/classes/com/intelidia/simplejavafxapp
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/classes/com/intelidia/simplejavafxapp/simplejavafxapp
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/classes/com/intelidia/simplejavafxapp/simplejavafxapp/HelloApplication.class
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/classes/com/intelidia/simplejavafxapp/simplejavafxapp/HelloController.class
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/classes/com/intelidia/simplejavafxapp/simplejavafxapp/hello-view.fxml
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/classes/module-info.class
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/generated-sources
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/generated-sources/annotations
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/maven-archiver
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/maven-archiver/pom.properties
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/maven-status
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/maven-status/maven-compiler-plugin
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/maven-status/maven-compiler-plugin/compile
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/maven-status/maven-compiler-plugin/compile/default-compile
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/maven-status/maven-compiler-plugin/compile/default-compile/createdFiles.lst
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/app/maven-status/maven-compiler-plugin/compile/default-compile/inputFiles.lst
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/libapplauncher.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/jaxp.properties
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/net.properties
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/sdp
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/sdp/sdp.conf.template
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/java.policy
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/java.security
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/policy
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/policy/README.txt
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/policy/limited
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/policy/limited/default_US_export.policy
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/policy/limited/default_local.policy
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/policy/limited/exempt_local.policy
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/policy/unlimited
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/policy/unlimited/default_US_export.policy
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/security/policy/unlimited/default_local.policy
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/conf/sound.properties
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base/COPYRIGHT
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base/LICENSE
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base/aes.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base/asm.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base/c-libutl.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base/cldr.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base/icu.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base/public_suffix.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.base/unicode.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.datatransfer
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.datatransfer/COPYRIGHT
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop/colorimaging.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop/giflib.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop/harfbuzz.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop/jpeg.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop/lcms.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop/libpng.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop/mesa3d.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop/pipewire.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.desktop/xwd.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.prefs
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.prefs/LICENSE
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.scripting
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.scripting/LICENSE
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.xml
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.xml/bcel.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.xml/dom.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.xml/jcup.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.xml/xalan.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/java.xml/xerces.md
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/legal/jdk.unsupported
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/classlist
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/jexec
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/jrt-fs.jar
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/jspawnhelper
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/jvm.cfg
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libawt.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libawt_headless.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libawt_xawt.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libfontmanager.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libjava.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libjavajpeg.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libjawt.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libjimage.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libjli.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libjsig.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libjsound.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/liblcms.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libmlib_image.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libnet.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libnio.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libprefs.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libsimdsort.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libsplashscreen.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libsyslookup.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libverify.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/libzip.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/modules
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/psfont.properties.ja
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/psfontj2d.properties
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/security
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/security/blocked.certs
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/security/cacerts
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/security/default.policy
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/security/public_suffix_list.dat
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/server
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/server/libjsig.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/server/libjvm.so
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/lib/tzdb.dat
/opt/simplejavafxapp/lib/runtime/release
like image 319
Noor Avatar asked Dec 12 '25 00:12

Noor

2 Answers

There are some issues with your approach:

  1. The linked pom.xml uses ea version software (I don't advise that - despite it being an official openjfx.io project publication). However, I note your version info is 22.0.1, which differs from the project you linked, which is confusing. It is always better to include the info needed (in this case the pom.xml) in the question itself rather than linking to a github repository that can change and outdate your question.
  2. The linked pom.xml includes javafx components. If you shade them into your jar then JavaFX will run an unsupported mode off the classpath (I don't recommend that - and it could be what is contributing to the breakage when you attempt to run your application).

The linked project is ONLY depending on javafx components and no other third-party libraries, so my advice is this:

  1. Don't shade your jar at all.
  2. Make your app modular (include a module-info for it, that requires the necessary JavaFX modules).
  3. Remove the javafx dependencies from your pom.xml.
  4. Use a JDK that includes JavaFX (e.g. Zulu "JDK FX" or Liberica "Full JDK). As you are generating an RPM, then the JDK used should be a version the runs on your target system and architecture (e.g. a Linux system that understands RPM).
  5. The standard Maven packaging will then create a modular (non-shaded) jar for your application.
  6. For the jpackage command, because you are now using a JDK that includes JavaFX and a modular app that defines the modules you need, then you don't need to add modules or set an additional module path to the JavaFX SDK (you don't need the JavaFX SDK at all in such a setup, I advise deleting it to prevent confusion).
  7. For this setup, jpackage will pick up the JavaFX modules from the JDK, which will include the necessary native components (which your current approach seems to be either missing or cannot find).

I didn't try the above approach, (I don't have the right systems available to test it anyway), so you may need to modify it a bit (e.g. the JDKs from Zulu and Liberica probably ship with jmods in a directory, which you might need to specify explicitly - though I don't think you will). But I guess that it will work.

There are other ways to solve your issue (for instance trashgod's excellent answer) that I won't discuss here.

FAQ

on inspecting the content generated rpm shown below, I cannot find javafx libraries even if I included them when generating the rpm using jpackage

If this is done correctly, then you won't find JavaFX files listed in your RPM, just like you don't find other JDK modules listed there. That is because the packaging process links all of the required modules (whether they be JDK, or JavaFX, or third party, or your own modules) into a single jimage.

What if I need third party non-modular dependencies?

If this is just a demo project and your actual project includes dependencies (like Spring 6) that are automatic modules (don't define module-info), then you could still adopt an adaptation of the approach, by making your application non-modular, and shading your app and jar dependencies (which would not include the JavaFX modules, because those aren't in your pom.xml anymore), and adding the JavaFX modules via command line switches. I won't include a complete demo of how you would do that.

like image 182
jewelsea Avatar answered Dec 13 '25 13:12

jewelsea

Expanding on @jewelsea's guidance, consider using openjfx and starting from an archetype as shown here:

mvn -B archetype:generate \
    -DarchetypeGroupId=org.openjfx \
    -DarchetypeArtifactId=javafx-archetype-fxml \
    -DarchetypeVersion=0.0.6 \
    -DgroupId=org.openjfx \
    -DartifactId=sample \
    -Dversion=1.0.0 \
    -Djavafx-version=21

Edit the generated pom.xml to specify your preferred Java version, and configure the desired javafx-maven-plugin options for jlink:

<configuration>
    <mainClass>org.openjfx/org.openjfx.App</mainClass>
    <stripDebug>true</stripDebug>
    <compress>2</compress>
    <noHeaderFiles>true</noHeaderFiles>
    <noManPages>true</noManPages>
    <launcher>sample</launcher>
    <jlinkImageName>sample</jlinkImageName>
    <jlinkVerbose>false</jlinkVerbose>
</configuration>

Invoke jlink and execute the image:

mvn javafx:jlink
./target/sample/bin/sample

Now, jpackage can use the --runtime-image:

jpackage --type app-image -n Sample --runtime-image target/sample -m org.openjfx/org.openjfx.App

This more elaborate example uses the same idea.

Pros:

  • Straightforward, end-to-end packaging of a modular application.

  • Easily incorporates dependent modules.

  • Wide IDE support for maven archetypes used to initialize projects; NetBeans is illustrated here and here.

  • Potential for local customization of existing archetypes via git clone and mvn install.

Cons:

  • Because jlink assembles modules to build a run-time image, it does not work with dependencies in an automatic module.

  • Alternatives are more flexible but correspondingly more complex. See these sections on Packaging and Deployment.

like image 32
trashgod Avatar answered Dec 13 '25 12:12

trashgod
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