% indicates a format escape sequence used for formatting the variables passed to printf() . So you have to escape it to print the % character.
The newline character ( \n ) is called an escape sequence, and it forces the cursor to change its position to the beginning of the next line on the screen. This results in a new line.
%[^\n] is an edit conversion code used to read strings.
What's the role of the _("hello, world\n") argument to printf/puts etc ? I often find it while reading GNU source code.
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