How can I place a square, with set size, at a specific (fractional) position inside of a Stack?
I could resort to a painter but I'd like to see if this is possible using Widgets.
You can use a DecoratedBox within a Container of set size to draw a square and place it anywhere in a Stack by wrapping it in an Alignment or Positioned widget:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
  runApp(new MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: new ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: new StackExamplePage(),
    );
  }
}
class StackExamplePage extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Scaffold(
        backgroundColor: Colors.grey,
        appBar: new AppBar(
            title: new Text('Stack Example')
        ),
        body: _createStack()
    );
  }
  _createStack() {
    return new Stack(
        children: <Widget>[
          new Image.network(
            'https://i.imgur.com/FsXL8vI.jpg',
          ),
          // Black square centered in stack
          new Align(
            alignment: new Alignment(0.0, 0.0),
            child: new Container(
              height: 50.0,
              width: 50.0,
              child: new DecoratedBox(
                decoration: new BoxDecoration(
                    color: Colors.black
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ),
          new Align(
            // alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
            alignment: const Alignment(-1.0, -1.0),
            child: new Text('Top Left',
                style: new TextStyle(color: Colors.yellow)),
          ),
          new Align(
            // alignment: Alignment.bottomRight,
            alignment: const Alignment(1.0, 1.0),
            child: new Text('Bottom Right',
                style: new TextStyle(color: Colors.yellow)),
          ),
          new Align(
            alignment: new Alignment(-0.8, -0.8),
            child: new Text(
                '10% in', style: new TextStyle(color: Colors.yellow)),
          ),
          new Align(
            alignment: new Alignment(0.8, 0.8),
            child: new Text(
                '90% in', style: new TextStyle(color: Colors.yellow)),
          ),
        ]
    );
  }
}
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