Matrix Exponentiation Algorithm for large values of N

Question

I want to calculate the Fibonacci of very large value of N ie. 10^6 with a complexity of O(logN). Here is my code but it gives the result for 10^6 in 30 seconds which is very time consuming.Help me point out the mistake.I have to give the output in modulo 10^9+7.

static BigInteger mod=new BigInteger("1000000007");

BigInteger fibo(long n){
    BigInteger F[][] = {{BigInteger.ONE,BigInteger.ONE},{BigInteger.ONE,BigInteger.ZERO}};
    if(n == 0)
        return BigInteger.ZERO;
    power(F, n-1);
    return F[0][0].mod(mod);
}

void power(BigInteger F[][], long n) {
    if( n == 0 || n == 1)
        return;
    BigInteger M[][] = {{BigInteger.ONE,BigInteger.ONE},{BigInteger.ONE,BigInteger.ZERO}};
    power(F, n/2);
    multiply(F, F);
    if( n%2 != 0 )
        multiply(F, M);
  }

void multiply(BigInteger F[][], BigInteger M[][]){
    BigInteger x =  (F[0][0].multiply(M[0][0])).add(F[0][1].multiply(M[1][0])) ;
    BigInteger y =  F[0][0].multiply(M[0][1]).add(F[0][1].multiply(M[1][1])) ;
    BigInteger z =  F[1][0].multiply(M[0][0]).add( F[1][1].multiply(M[1][0]));
    BigInteger w =  F[1][0].multiply(M[0][1]).add(F[1][1].multiply(M[1][1]));

    F[0][0] = x;
    F[0][1] = y;
    F[1][0] = z;
    F[1][1] = w;
}

Answer 1

Use these recurrences:

F_2n−1 = F_n² + F_n−1²

F_2n = (2F_n−1 + F_n) F_n

together with memoization. For example, in Python you could use the @functools.lru_cache decorator, like this:

from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def fibonacci_modulo(n, m):
    """Compute the nth Fibonacci number modulo m."""
    if n <= 3:
        return (0, 1, 1, 2)[n] % m
    elif n % 2 == 0:
        a = fibonacci_modulo(n // 2 - 1, m)
        b = fibonacci_modulo(n // 2, m)
        return ((2 * a + b) * b) % m
    else:
        a = fibonacci_modulo(n // 2, m)
        b = fibonacci_modulo(n // 2 + 1, m)
        return (a * a + b * b) % m

this computes the 10⁶th Fibonacci number (modulo 10⁹ + 7) in a few microseconds:

>>> from timeit import timeit
>>> timeit(lambda:fibonacci_modulo(10 ** 6, 10 ** 9 + 7), number=1)
0.000083282997366