In XHTML/HTML which elements has semantic value , which are presentitional and which are not in both category?

Question

In XHTML/HTML which elements has semantic value , which are presentational and which are not in both category?

And who decide which tag is semantic, presentational? W3C or web developer with their own terms?

What is the difference between structural and semantic mark-up?

Is DIV and span not semantic , if yes then why we use ?

Answer 1

Ordered lists (OL) and unordered lists (UL), for instance, are examples of markup elements with some semantic loading. The idea is to show to a client that several elements are somehow connected, for example, represent options in some menu. It helps screen readers which will read the menu options in sequence.

And who decide which tag is semantic, presentational? W3C or web developer with their own terms?

Both. The standards dictate what and how is supposed to be used. Developers can either agree or ignore it (as with the ubiquitous case with tables used for design).

I believe the general idea is to treat (X)HTML construct as structural (with semantic meaning or without one), and use CSS to adjust presentational properties.