We can have two types f, g :: * -> * such that they're not monads, but their composition is. For example for an arbitrary fixed s:
f a := s -> a
g a := (s, a)
g a isn't a monad (unless we restrict s to a monoid), but f (g a) is the state monad s -> (s, a). (Unlike functors and applicative functors, even if both f and g were monads, their composition might not be.)
Is there a similar example for functors or applicative functors? That is that the composition of f and g is a a functor (or an applicative functor), even though
f and g isn't an (applicative) functor and the other is, orThis is not a (covariant) functor
f x = x -> r
but f . f is the "continuation" functor (also a monad):
f (f x) = (x -> r) -> r
This is probably not the best example because f is a contravariant functor.
Let g :: *->*. Then Const A . g is a functor for any A, in fact isomorphic to Const A.
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