I'm always confused about the condition of the binary search algorithm and it costs me a lot of time in programming contests. My question is when to use each of these conditions?
1. while (low < high)
2. while (high - low > 1)
3. while (low <= high)
low = the lowest value in the set of solutions.
high = the largest value in the set of solutions.
while (low < high) is used when you're searching the range [low, high). When updating high, use high = mid. When updating low, use low = mid + 1.while (high - low > 1) is used when you're searching the range (low, high). When updating high, use high = mid. When updating low, use low = mid.while (low <= high) is used when you're searching the range [low, high]. When updating high, use high = mid - 1. When updating low, use low = mid + 1.Code below:
public class BinarySearch {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] nums = { 4, 9, 12, 18, 20, 26, 28, 29, 55 };
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
System.out.println(binarySearch1(nums, nums[i]));
System.out.println(binarySearch2(nums, nums[i]));
System.out.println(binarySearch3(nums, nums[i]));
}
}
public static <T extends Comparable<T>> int binarySearch1(T[] array, T value) {
final int NOT_FOUND = -1;
int low = 0;
int high = array.length;
while (low < high) {
int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
int comparison = array[mid].compareTo(value);
if (comparison == 0) {
return mid;
} else if (comparison > 0) {
high = mid;
} else {
low = mid + 1;
}
}
return NOT_FOUND;
}
public static <T extends Comparable<T>> int binarySearch2(T[] array, T value) {
final int NOT_FOUND = -1;
int low = -1;
int high = array.length;
while (high - low > 1) {
int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
int comparison = array[mid].compareTo(value);
if (comparison == 0) {
return mid;
} else if (comparison > 0) {
high = mid;
} else {
low = mid;
}
}
return NOT_FOUND;
}
public static <T extends Comparable<T>> int binarySearch3(T[] array, T value) {
final int NOT_FOUND = -1;
int low = 0;
int high = array.length - 1;
while (low <= high) {
int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
int comparison = array[mid].compareTo(value);
if (comparison == 0) {
return mid;
} else if (comparison > 0) {
high = mid - 1;
} else {
low = mid + 1;
}
}
return NOT_FOUND;
}
}
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