Any code tips for speeding up random reads from a Java FileChannel?

Question

I have a large (3Gb) binary file of doubles which I access (more or less) randomly during an iterative algorithm I have written for clustering data. Each iteration does about half a million reads from the file and about 100k writes of new values.

I create the FileChannel like this...

f = new File(_filename);
_ioFile = new RandomAccessFile(f, "rw");
_ioFile.setLength(_extent * BLOCK_SIZE);
_ioChannel = _ioFile.getChannel();

I then use a private ByteBuffer the size of a double to read from it

private ByteBuffer _double_bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);

and my reading code looks like this

public double GetValue(long lRow, long lCol) 
{
    long idx = TriangularMatrix.CalcIndex(lRow, lCol);
    long position = idx * BLOCK_SIZE;
    double d = 0;
    try 
    {
        _double_bb.position(0);
        _ioChannel.read(_double_bb, position);
        d = _double_bb.getDouble(0);
    } 

    ...snip...

    return d;
}

and I write to it like this...

public void SetValue(long lRow, long lCol, double d) 
{
    long idx = TriangularMatrix.CalcIndex(lRow, lCol);
    long offset = idx * BLOCK_SIZE;
    try 
    {
        _double_bb.putDouble(0, d);
        _double_bb.position(0);
        _ioChannel.write(_double_bb, offset);
    } 

    ...snip...

}

The time taken for an iteration of my code increases roughly linearly with the number of reads. I have added a number of optimisations to the surrounding code to minimise the number of reads, but I am at the core set that I feel are necessary without fundamentally altering how the algorithm works, which I want to avoid at the moment.

So my question is whether there is anything in the read/write code or JVM configuration I can do to speed up the reads? I realise I can change hardware, but before I do that I want to make sure that I have squeezed every last drop of software juice out of the problem.

Thanks in advance

Answer 1

As long as your file is stored on a regular harddisk, you will get the biggest possible speedup by organizing your data in a way that gives your accesses locality, i.e. causes as many get/set calls in a row as possible to access the same small area of the file.

This is more important than anything else you can do because accessing random spots on a HD is by far the slowest thing a modern PC does - it takes about 10,000 times longer than anything else.

So if it's possible to work on only a part of the dataset (small enough to fit comfortably into the in-memory HD cache) at a time and then combine the results, do that.

Alternatively, avoid the issue by storing your file on an SSD or (better) in RAM. Even storing it on a simple thumb drive could be a big improvement.