Suppose I wanted to find the sin/cos function. In haskell, I would fire up https://www.haskell.org/hoogle/ , search for "sin" or "cos", read the type signature, and be done.
In Clojure, it seems the best I can do so far (for functions not in clojure.core) is to fire up google, and type in "clojure sin" or "clojure cos" -- then get a package about Quil/sin and Quil/cos -- and wonder
2a. What is this Quil package? 2b. Do I want to pull in this package just to get sin/cos? 2c. Is there a "more standard" package that also provides sin/cos ?
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Thus, my question, for functions where you almost certainly know the 'type signature' (which I recognize does not exist in clojure) or 'common name', what is the standard way to figure out "what common package do most clojureists use to get this function" ?
Besides googling, don't forget to look at these sites:
When googling, also try out this trick when entering terms in the search window:
clojure parse site:github.com
It restricts your search terms ("clojure" & "parse") to the URL you choose (in this case "github.com"), which can be quite handy sometimes. Google is nearly always much better than a site's built-in search engine.
This book helped me a lot:

I have found https://clojuredocs.org/ to be very valuable to find examples of how to use a particular functions of clojure.core. There is http://clojure.github.io/ for "blessed" utilities.
Otherwise, your question does not seems very specific to Clojure. As you guessed, using google is probably a good start.
So I would say google for what you are looking for, then if you have several alternatives use any heuristics you want (count stars on github, number of downloads on clojars, ask other clojurists what they think - there is a great slack channel at http://clojurians.net/).
https://crossclj.info/ is a great site that allows you to search Clojure code in the wild. I found it invaluable to get inspiration.
There are some libraries repositories, although I tend not to use those:
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