Can you define recursive type hints in Python? [duplicate]

Question

Let's say I have a function that accepts a Garthok, an Iterable[Garthok], an Iterable[Iterable[Garthok]], etc.

def narfle_the_garthoks(arg):
  if isinstance(arg, Iterable):
    for value in arg:
       narfle_the_garthoks(arg)
  else:
    arg.narfle()

Is there any way to specify a type hint for arg that indicates that it accepts any level of Iterables of Garthoks? I suspect not, but thought I'd check if I'm missing something.

As a workaround, I'm just specifying a few levels deep, and then ending with Iterable[Any].

Union[Garthok,
    Iterable[Union[Garthok,
        Iterable[Union[Garthok, 
            Iterable[Union[Garthok, Iterable[Any]]]]]]]]

Answer 1

You can specify recursive types in the typing language by using type aliases and forward reference strings,

Garthoks = Union[Garthok, Iterable['Garthoks']]

Mypy supports recursive types by default since v0.990, and Pyright/Pylance since v2020.9.4.

Some types of forward references are handled by PEP 563. You can use them starting from Python 3.7 by doing from __future__ import annotations – Konstantin

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As of Python 3.12, __future__.annotations/stringifying is not necessary if the type is defined using a type statement:

type Garthoks = Garthok | Iterable[Garthoks]